Does trazodone cause false positive drug test - Jul 3, 2023 ... Trazodone is a drug classified as an antidepressant. It used in patients with anxiety disorder, major depression, and, in conjunction with other ...

 
4 days ago · Descriptions. Trazodone is used to treat depression. It is thought to work by increasing the activity of serotonin in the brain. Trazodone is an antidepressant. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. This product is available in the following dosage forms: Tablet. . Ogden nash speciality crossword clue

Oct 17, 2023 · Trazodone is an antidepressant that drug manufacturers developed to treat depression. Doctors may also recommend Trazodone for sleep disorders, such as insomnia. A person who has trouble sleeping ... A metabolite of trazodone, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, can cause false positive test results on drug screens for amphetamines. They just wouldn't know it was trazodone causing that positive result without further investigation. +0. DZ. DzooBaby 25 May 2011. Most standard urine drug screens wont test for it. It is not a controlled …Specifically, the bupropion ingredients in Wellbutrin and Trazodone might show up as false positives in your 5 panel urine drug test for amphetamines and methamphetamines. Many anti-depressants, like Prozac (fluoxetine), and Zoloft, can cause false positive results for amphetamines and benzodiazepines because they follow …The term false positive results refer to the detection and screening of drugs in the body that a person has not taken actually or intentionally. Medication, drugs, food, and various other substances can cause false-positive results for the drug test. Common cough, sleep, and pain relief medicines can trigger positive results for the drug testing.According to Forensic Fluids Laboratories, oral swab drug tests are up to 60 percent more sensitive to cocaine, opiates and methamphetamines than urine-based instant tests. This dr...Trazodone is an inexpensive drug used to treat depression. This drug is more popular than comparable drugs. Trazodone is only available as a generic drug; all brands have been discontinued. Generic trazodone is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. Get trazodone for as low as …Trazodone may cause dry mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless gum or candy, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including …Naproxen can show up on a drug test, as the medication is known for causing false positives for Cannabinoids and Barbiturates (1). Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is one of the commonly used over-the-counter painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications. Although Naproxen is not structurally similar to any of the ... The four drugs with the most evidence for causing false-positives for fentanyl are: Trazodone. Risperdal (risperidone) Invega (paliperidone) Fanapt (iloperidone) Risperidone and related compounds (e.g. paliperidone, iloperidone) have been extensively reported to be responsible for causing false-positive drug tests for fentanyl. In fact ... Trazodone may show up as a false positive for LSD, AMP, or MAMP on the drug test. Patients who take prescription Trazodone may produce sufficient amounts of m-CPP in the urine that can show up as AMP or MAMP in a drug test. If you are want to be sure that you don't test false positive for the above try our comprehensive hair follicle drug test ...Buspar (Buspirone) may or may not show up on a drug test. Since the medication itself is not a controlled substance or a drug of abuse that can get you high, it is not something that a standard drug test would focus on. However, it can show up on a drug test as a false positive for Benzodiazepines (1). Such false positives are not considered ...At our institution, false-positive amphetamine results occur not infrequently in patients taking trazodone with at least 8 trazodone-associated false-positive results during a single 26-day period. Laboratories should remain cognizant of this interference when interpreting results of this assay.Fentanyl, a highly potent synthetic opioid, is a major cause of overdose deaths in the United States and worldwide. Urine drug immunoassay tests that include fentanyl in their drug panel are the common screening tool. However, false positive results may compromise test accuracy and cause grave clinical outcomes.In addition, one report of a false-positive result associated with a trazodone overdose was found. 33 Use of venlafaxine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, resulted in a number of false-positive reports for phencyclidine. 27– 29 Although venlafaxine is structurally dissimilar to phencyclidine, the combination of parent ...Trazodone overdose can occur when a person takes too much trazodone at one time. Signs and symptoms of an overdose may include excessive drowsiness, low blood pressure, fainting, or an irregular heartbeat. When trazodone is taken with other medications that affect serotonin levels, a severe and sometimes fatal condition called serotonin ...Poppy seeds, commonly found in bakery products and bagels, have been known to cause false-positive results on morphine drug tests. These seeds can contain trace amounts of morphine and codeine ...11 /11. Several of these medications for mental disorders can lead to false positive tests. Quetiapine, which treats schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, can wrongly show that you have methadone in ...In terms of NSAIDs, oxaprozin has a fairly large body of evidence that it can cause false positives for benzos. In fact, the prescribing information for the drug warns about potential false-positives: "False-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for benzodiazepines have been reported in patients taking DAYPRO [oxaprozin].Absolutely. Initial urine drug screens frequently do produce what we call a “false positive.”. These screens use chemicals called antibodies to detect drugs at the molecular level. For a positive result, the test indicates that the antibody bound—like a very small lock and key—to a drug or one of its chemical derivatives.We report the first evidence of mexiletine being associated with false-positive UDS for amphetamines in 3 patients with advanced heart failure being considered for transplantation (cases are summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1 ). All cases had negative confirmatory testing, correlated with the initiation of mexiletine, and involved patients who ...Rarely, trazodone can cause priapism (between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 10,000), and increased libido has been reported in clinical practice, which is one of the primary reasons it has been considered effective in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. 60, 61 Gastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite are rarely reported as side effects ...Trazodone is metabolized mainly by the liver and may cause hepatotoxicity. Therefore, yourhealthcare provider should perform periodic liver function tests to avoid; It is unnecessary for patients with kidney failure to adjust the dose without severe renal insufficiency. Trazodone is an antidepressant, but it does not cure depression or anxiety.We study 24858 people who take Drug screen false positive or have Trazodone hydrochloride. No or too few reports of Drug screen false positive are found in people who take Trazodone hydrochloride. ... Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. Different individuals may respond to medication in different …If you received a 'false positive', these tests will be able to confirm that the offending drug compound is not present. You can inquire as to whether or not these tests can be utilized to clear you if you receive a 'false positive'. Unfortunately, tests that are not immunoassay-based are more expensive and rarely used in a common drug ...Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg twice daily; may increase in increments of 50 mg/day every 3 to 7 days to a target dose of 75 to 150 mg twice daily. Thereafter may further increase by 50 to 100 mg/day every 2 to 4 weeks based on response and tolerability; usual dosage range 200 to 400 mg/day; maximum 600 mg/day. unusual bruising or bleeding. nosebleeds. small red or purple dots on the skin. erection lasting more than 6 hours. headache. problems with thinking, concentration, or memory. weakness. problems with coordination. Trazodone can cause painful, long lasting erections in males. Aug 18, 2016 · US Pharm. 2016;41 (8):26-30. ABSTRACT: Urine drug screening is a common way to test for compliance with medications having high abuse potential. False-negatives and false-positives from immunoassays can lead to adverse consequences for patients and providers. By identifying medications that contribute to false-negatives and false-positives ... Sep 28, 2023 · This medicine can cause low sodium levels. Very low sodium levels can be life-threatening, leading to seizures, passing out, trouble breathing, or death. If you are 65 or older, use this medicine (trazodone tablets) with care. You could have more side effects. Brompheniramine has the potential to cause a false positive for amphetamines on urine drug screenings. Ranitidine. The active ingredient in Zantac, ranitidine is an H2 blocker, most commonly used for acid reflux. It can also be used as an adjunct treatment for allergies. Ranitidine has been known to cause false positives for …Yes, Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) can cause a positive test for amphetamine on a standard work or U.S. Department of Transportation urine drug screening. The most common drug screening panels test urine for a range of different drugs. The top 5 substances that are tested for are: amphetamines. cocaine.In today’s digital world, email has become an essential communication tool for individuals and businesses alike. However, as spam emails continue to flood our inboxes, email provid...Low sodium levels can cause symptoms like trouble focusing, headache, or weakness. In severe cases, seizures and trouble breathing can happen. Let your healthcare provider know if you experience any of these symptoms. They may ask you to get a blood test done to check your sodium levels. 9. Higher risk of bleedingTrazodone hydrochloride may cause somnolence or sedation and may impair the mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that the drug treatment does not affect them adversely.Clonazepam is a benzo, and will definitely show up. Any drug that ends with PAM is in a benzo class. Zoloft, otherwise known as sertraline has proven to show a false positive for benzos in researched studies. But the clonazepam would already show anyways. Doxepin is known as a hypnotic by working on H1 receptors, which is histamine.Jul 17, 2019 ... The claimant does not have documentation showing that the medication he is taking could cause a false positive test for cocaine. 16. On 07 ...Trazodone could lead to false positives for amphetamine, LSD, or methamphetamine. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), like Amitril, Norpramin, Zonalon, Prudoxin, or Tofranil, may lead to false positive urine tests for LSD. Venlafaxine, known as Effexor XR, could lead to a false positive on a PCP urine test. It’s important to speak with a medical ...Trazodone is an inexpensive drug used to treat depression. This drug is more popular than comparable drugs. Trazodone is only available as a generic drug; all brands have been discontinued. Generic trazodone is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. Get trazodone for as low as …1. Analgesics/ NSAIDS. The medication Daypro (oxaprozin), which is prescribed for types of arthritis, may result in a false positive test for benzodiazepines. The pain medication tramadol could trigger a false positive result for PCP.However, antibodies may detect drug metabolites with similar structure and characteristcis, leading to false-positive results. For this reason, immunoassay testing should be considered preliminary and presumptive.Medications that have been reported to cause false-positive results for methamphetamine or amphetamine include: Amantadine, a drug that can prevent the flu and treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic drug. Atomoxetine, an ADHD treatment.False positive results on a hair follicle test could be caused by both external or internal sources. For instance, externally, common household products like shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care products can sometimes contain traces of drugs or alcohol. Additionally, environmental contaminants like paint thinner or secondhand smoke may ...Comment: Barbiturates may increase adverse effects, including respiratory depression, produced by toxic doses of TCAs. With therapeutic doses of TCAs, barbiturates increase metabolism and decrease blood concentrations of TCAs. phenytoin. trazodone increases levels of phenytoin by unspecified interaction mechanism.Rarely, trazodone can cause priapism (between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 10,000), and increased libido has been reported in clinical practice, which is one of the primary reasons it has been considered effective in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. 60, 61 Gastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite are rarely reported as side effects ...Common trazodone side effects may include: drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness; swelling; weight loss; blurred vision; diarrhea, constipation; or. stuffy nose. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.Indices Commodities Currencies StocksMar 8, 2016 · The presence of amphetamines and LSD could not be confirmed.18 Among other antidepressant classes, 2 case reports for false positive amphetamine results associated with trazodone have been published, one of which involved trazodone overdose.19,20 Older classes of antidepressants have also been implicated as a source of false positive UDS results. Trazadone: MDMA (ecstasy) Synthetic amphetamines (cathinones, bath salts, etc) ... one time use of cannabis can cause a positive urine drug screen for three days up to one week. ... although, cross-reactivity does occur and is assay dependent. False-positive opiate tests have reportedly been caused by dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, …FAQ. What medications can cause a false positive for methamphetamines? Medically reviewed by Carmen Pope, BPharm. Last updated on Aug 18, 2022. Official …At a glance. Urine drug screens usually don’t look for the drug directly, they screen for known metabolites. False positives do occur. Many labs use a different test. They may have on file certain drugs which may register a false positive. Provide your current medication list as well as any herbals or supplements to the lab or the person …Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg twice daily; may increase in increments of 50 mg/day every 3 to 7 days to a target dose of 75 to 150 mg twice daily. Thereafter may further increase by 50 to 100 mg/day every 2 to 4 weeks based on response and tolerability; usual dosage range 200 to 400 mg/day; maximum 600 mg/day.Drug prescribing for older adults; Effect of antidepressants on suicide risk in adults; Generalized anxiety disorder in adults: Management; High-risk dietary supplements: Patient evaluation and counseling; Insomnia in palliative care; Insomnia in patients with a substance use disorder; Overview of herbal medicine and dietary supplementsDry mouth, headache, constipation, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction. Trazodone may cause a discontinuation syndrome if abruptly stopped, symptoms include anxiety, agitation, and sleep disturbances. When the time comes to withdraw trazodone, the dosage should be tapered off slowly under a doctor's advice.Trazodone is not a benzodiazepine, according to Drugs.com. Trazodone is an antidepressant that treats chemical imbalances in the brain that are known to lead to major depressive di...Trazodone may show up as a false positive for LSD, AMP, or MAMP on the drug test. Patients who take prescription Trazodone may produce sufficient amounts of m-CPP in the urine that can show up as AMP or MAMP in a drug test. If you are want to be sure that you don't test false positive for the above try our comprehensive hair follicle drug test ...Published on June 22, 2022. Drug tests officially have two results: positive or negative. Positive means you have evidence of the drug in your system, and negative means you do not. However, the answers aren't always so black and white. In this video, learn what it means to get a false positive on a drug test, and possible reasons why this may ...This has many people thinking that kratom could lead to a false positive on a drug test. While it’s true that kratom alkaloids activate opioid receptors, the molecular structure is very different. It’s very unlikely for kratom to cause a false positive for opiates in a standard drug test. There could be a few instances where kratom causes a ...• False positives still occur ** Human Urine: T ~98 deg; > 90 deg for 15 min. pH 4.5-8; SG 1.002-1.03. Ur Cr > 20 mg/dL ** WHAT TO ORDER • Test for illicit drug use: EIA • Test to confirm taking prescribed meds: GCMS (EIA is OK if your lab runs the test for each med – they usually do not – ask!)This is a screening test. Results are to be used for medical purposes only. Trazodone can cause false positive results. Additional Information. A cut-off value ...Key points. False-positive results on urine drug screenings happen when an antibody reacts to the wrong drug compound in a sample, which can happen fairly often. Allegra (fexofenadine) has not been reported to cause false positives on drug tests but other antihistamines, like Benadryl (diphenhydramine), have. Trazodone may cause dry mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless gum or candy, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth ... Urine drug testing is frequently used in clinical, employment, educational, and legal settings and misinterpretation of test results can result in significant adverse consequences for the individual who is being tested. Advances in drug testing technology combined with a rise in the number of novel misused substances present challenges to …A search of false positive benzodiazepine screenings showed the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline (Zoloft, others) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) oxaprozin (Daypro, others) to be associated with, or possible causes of, these false-positive results.⁴⁻⁷. Although the mechanism is unknown ...Although convenient, immunoassays are prone to false positive and false negative results. It is important for the health care provider to understand the principles of the laboratory …Yes, Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) can cause a positive test for amphetamine on a standard work or U.S. Department of Transportation urine drug screening. The most common drug screening panels test urine for a range of different drugs. The top 5 substances that are tested for are: amphetamines. cocaine.In today’s digital world, email has become an essential communication tool for individuals and businesses alike. However, as spam emails continue to flood our inboxes, email provid...(RTTNews) - Gary Kelly, CEO of Southwest Airlines Co.(LUV), tested Covid positive after he visited a Senate hearing on Wednesday, with CEOs and re... (RTTNews) - Gary Kelly, CEO of...Published on June 22, 2022. Drug tests officially have two results: positive or negative. Positive means you have evidence of the drug in your system, and negative means you do not. However, the answers aren't always so black and white. In this video, learn what it means to get a false positive on a drug test, and possible reasons why this may ...Trazodone has been known to produce false-positive results for amphetamine drugs. This means that anyone taking trazodone could get a false-positive for amphetamines …Mar 8, 2016 · The presence of amphetamines and LSD could not be confirmed.18 Among other antidepressant classes, 2 case reports for false positive amphetamine results associated with trazodone have been published, one of which involved trazodone overdose.19,20 Older classes of antidepressants have also been implicated as a source of false positive UDS results. Specifically, the bupropion ingredients in Wellbutrin and Trazodone might show up as false positives in your 5 panel urine drug test for amphetamines and methamphetamines. Many anti-depressants, like Prozac (fluoxetine), and Zoloft, can cause false positive results for amphetamines and benzodiazepines because they follow …Oct 17, 2023 · Trazodone is an antidepressant that drug manufacturers developed to treat depression. Doctors may also recommend Trazodone for sleep disorders, such as insomnia. A person who has trouble sleeping ... Bupropion is a commonly prescribed, monocyclic antidepressant often used as an aid for smoking cessation. Several case reports have described false positive amphetamine urine drug screens (UDS) associated with bupropion. We sought to determine whether false positive amphetamine UDS due to the use of bupropion would be a …Trazodone is a medication used in the management and treatment of major depressive disorder. It is in the serotonin-antagonist-and-reuptake-inhibitor class of medications. This activity reviews the indications, action, and contraindications for trazodone as a valuable agent in managing major depression. This activity will highlight the mechanism of actions, adverse effects, and other key ...CBD itself will not cause a false positive drug test, however, products made from hemp can contain small amounts of THC that can show up on a urine drug test. Hemp is any part of a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% THC or less. CBD products made from hemp could have small amounts of THC in them even if it is not listed on the label.Absorption. Trazodone is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, with a bioavailability ranging from 63-91% 9 and an AUC0−t of 18193.0 ng·h/mL. 17 Food may impact absorption in a variable fashion, and may sometimes lead to decreases in the Cmax of trazodone. 9,16 In the fed state in 8 healthy volunteers, the Cmax was measured to be 1.47 +/- 0.16 micrograms ...Oct 14, 2022 · Trazodone is a prescription drug used to treat depression and sleep disorders like insomnia. When using trazodone for sleep, the drug is given at low doses—typically between 25 to 100 milligram (mg)—which reduces the risk of drug tolerance and daytime sleepiness. For some people, even lower doses may prove effective and cause fewer side ... False-negatives and false-positives from immunoassays can lead to adverse consequences for patients and providers. By identifying medications that contribute to false-negatives and false-positives, pharmacists decrease misinterpretations from urine drug screens.The presence of amphetamines and LSD could not be confirmed.18 Among other antidepressant classes, 2 case reports for false positive amphetamine results associated with trazodone have been published, one of which involved trazodone overdose.19,20 Older classes of antidepressants have also been implicated as a source of false positive UDS results.Common side effects. Some of the common side effects of trazodone will gradually get better as your body gets used to it. There are things you can do to help cope with them: Feeling sleepy or tired. Headaches. Feeling sick (nausea) Constipation. A dry mouth. Tell your doctor if this advice does not help or the side effects do not go away.CBD doesn't get you high, but that doesn't necessarily mean it won't show up on a drug test—we checked with the experts to see how concerned we should really be about CBD and drug ...Background: The objective of this case report is to highlight the possibility of the second-generation antipsychotic ziprasidone causing a false positive result for fentanyl on a urine drug screen (UDS). Case summary: A 70-year-old female was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for treatment of a manic episode of bipolar I disorder.

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does trazodone cause false positive drug test

Answer. Zantac (ranitidine), an H2 blocker for acid reflux and indigestion, has been reported to cause false positives on drugs tests for both amphetamine and methamphetamine according to various studies. Other drugs that have been reported to cause false positives for methamphetamine include: Amantadine. Brompheniramine.Antidepressants—such as Wellbutrin (bupropion), Prozac (fluoxetine), Seroquel (quetiapine), Effexor (venlafaxine), trazodone, and amitriptyline—could cause a false positive result for amphetamines or …False-positive results for methadone, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cannabinoids, and benzodiazepines were also reported in patients taking commonly used medications.Answer. Receiving a 'false positive' on a urine drug test for buprenorphine (one of the active ingredients in Suboxone) is actually a fairly well known problem, especially if the person being tested is on other opioid medications (buprenorphine is classified an an opioid). There have been multiple studies discussing and dissecting the issue.If you received a 'false positive', these tests will be able to confirm that the offending drug compound is not present. You can inquire as to whether or not these tests can be utilized to clear you if you receive a 'false positive'. Unfortunately, tests that are not immunoassay-based are more expensive and rarely used in a common drug ...Purpose. The implications of potential false-positive urine drug screen (UDS) results for patients receiving commonly prescribed medications were evaluated. Summary. A comprehensive literature ...The basic screening urine drug test can be susceptible to false positives. ... Drugs which Potentially Cause False Positive Readings on Screening Tests.CBD itself will not cause a false positive drug test, however, products made from hemp can contain small amounts of THC that can show up on a urine drug test. Hemp is any part of a cannabis plant that contains 0.3% THC or less. CBD products made from hemp could have small amounts of THC in them even if it is not listed on the label.Based on research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), on average, it takes about 0.5 to 1 mg of cocaine to produce a positive urine test at 300 ng/mL (the threshold for cocaine at Aegis is 50 ng/mL for confirmation). Studies of coca tea ingestion have demonstrated positives for the metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine …Aug 15, 2010 · False-positive results for amphetamine and methamphetamine were the most commonly reported. False-positive results for methadone, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cannabinoids, and benzodiazepines were also reported in patients taking commonly used medications. The most commonly used tests to screen urine for drugs of abuse are ... Contaminated hair: Even if you don't use a drug like cocaine, being around it can cause cocaine molecules to bind to your hair.It may not be entirely removed with washing, leading to a false positive. Hair color: Some drug metabolites bind more easily to melanin in darker hair than lighter hair, which can lead to falsely high concentrations.; …At a glance. Urine drug screens usually don’t look for the drug directly, they screen for known metabolites. False positives do occur. Many labs use a different test. They may have on file certain drugs which may register a false positive. Provide your current medication list as well as any herbals or supplements to the lab or the person …A positive urine drug test result has significant implications for a patient’s pain treatment plan, ... False-negative results can cause missed opportunities to detect misuse. Urine samples can ...How often does trazodone cause false-positive drug test? At our institution, false-positive amphetamine results occur not infrequently in patients taking trazodone with at least 8 trazodone-associated false-positive results during a single 26-day period. Laboratories should remain cognizant of this interference when interpreting …We study 24858 people who take Drug screen false positive or have Trazodone hydrochloride. No or too few reports of Drug screen false positive are found in people who take Trazodone hydrochloride. ... Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. Different individuals may respond to medication in different …Specimens. Urine and blood specimen (serum or plasma) tests are available to detect most drugs commonly prescribed for pain management and other legitimate indications, as well as many illicit substances. Urine is typically preferred for adherence and drug exposure testing; serum or plasma is an acceptable alternative.At our institution, false-positive amphetamine results occur not infrequently in patients taking trazodone with at least 8 trazodone-associated false-positive results during a single 26-day period.Trazodone may cause dry mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless gum or candy, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including …Key points. There is no definitive research suggesting that other drugs can cause a false positive for gabapentin, aside from Lyrica (pregabalin), a drug closely related to it. Similarly, gabapentin is very unlikely to cause a false positive for other drugs. Based on how urine drug tests work, it makes sense that anticonvulsant drugs have a ....

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